The Particle Therapy cancer treatment with heavy ions and protons is available since 1954. In 1946, Robert R Wilson conceptualized, while working in Harvard Cyclotron Laboratories in USA, that particle therapy can be used for human  cancer treatment. Early Cancer therapy programs developed in 1954, in Berkeley, USA; and in 1956, in Uppsala, Sweden. Mass General Hospital, in collaborated with Harvard Cyclotron Lab. started particle therapy program in 1961. Other treatment centers followed, with PSI Villigen, Switzerland in 1984 and first hospital based proton therapy system at Loma Linda University, California in 1990.

Presently there are about 30 operational centers in 13 countries where some type of particle therapy is performed. Still most of them are in fundamental research institutes. However, now new resurgence has seen development of hospital-based particle therapy centers. New gentries are being developed and cyclotrons and synchrotrons are miniaturized to fulfill need of hospital-based system. There are about  20 centers under development across the world with varying capabilities for treatment and research.